Spartan Heat Exchangers Inc.

Present status Spartan Heat Exchangers Inc. is a main originator and maker of particular modern warmth move gear for over 10 years. The company’s essential items are transformer coolers, hydro generator coolers, air-cooled heat exchangers and transformer oil coolers. Their USP †Fin tube type heat exchangers and enduring items. They are into profoundly redone heat types of gear and in view of new rivalry from European and Korean organizations they have changed their corporate arrangement, which underscore on lessening the item assortment and normalized the item. The new business strategy additionally conditions of lessening the current lead time from 14 weeks to about a month and a half. Issue Statement The Materials Department headed by Rick Coyne needs to take a great deal of activities inside to fuse different ramifications of the new system, and present his report to his supervisor Max Brisco of the progressions proposed by him inside seven days. His significant difficulties are: †¢Change from receptive to expectant model. †¢Keep-up with the expanded rivalry in the business. Stock abandons present multiple times to multiple times. †¢Eliminate material deficiencies and stock outs. †¢Reduce cost of Purchase merchandise by 10%. †¢Reduction in the custom lead time from 14 weeks to about a month and a half. Examination of Key issues and choices: †¢Interpretation of new corporate methodology. (alright, might require some rethinking of words) In our view the key issue is to discover how to adjust the gracefully cha in procedure from a responsive model to an expectant model. The past corporate methodology depended on customization of every one of their items which is presently being changed to normalization. This change can be best shown by examination of figures 1. 1 and 1. 2 in Appendix 1, wherein the conceivable corporate structures may watch out for three distinct qualities, I. e. cost, separation and responsiveness; Spartan methodology has moved from a concentration in separation and responsiveness to an expense and responsiveness incentive. †¢Job shop strategy for creation to Hybrid. The new corporate methodology infers re-building from an occupation shop strategy for creation (which included assembling activities with a few offices, every one of which delivered specific parts, Ref Case) to a cross breed technique for creation which is a stream activity, where numerous work stations can be working at the same time, which will predominantly permit Spartan to expand volume of creation, diminish lead time, it will additionally lead in chopping down the conveying cost of stock, despite the fact that the stock will be high. Crude materials acquirement The customization system required the nearness of numerous merchants and an elevated level of stock in the distribution center. On the difference, the new corporate procedure diminishes assortment to 3-4 fundamental lines for every item class will require less assortment of crude material yet in higher amount. This will give the organization a higher exchange power for better in general conditions, including conveyance t ime, transportation cost, value, quality and spending plan. †¢Lead time decrease from 16 to about a month One of the primary worries for the organization is to lessen the lead time from 16 to about a month so as to stay aware of the opposition in the market. This ought to be talked about with the sellers at the hour of exchange and ought to likewise be a statement in the PO. Presently since the procedure is as of now normalized, Rick ought to likewise demand improved correspondence between deals, materials division and merchants will help in the expectation of interest. There is additionally a choice of keeping a support stock in the event of a conflicting interest. We accept that this objective can be accomplished with a satisfactory flexibly chain system. The way that we are diminishing the quantity of sellers required will permit us to be progressively specific and acquire just from the merchants that offer a support as per our new needs, I. e. just from the individuals who in the past have reliably conveyed in not many days lead time or the individuals who can resolve to do as such later on. †¢Change in Corporate Culture The new procedure will influence the corporate structure in the organization. Prior the work depended on the particular necessities of the customer and it was a greater amount of examination put together however now the concentration with respect to research will be less and it will be more on general prerequisites. In this manner the kind of work would move. The present hierarchical graph of the SC Department in the organization incorporates two purchasers, one material control representative, one expeditor and two shipper/collectors. This structure was practical to the past methodology in light of the fact that there was a solid spotlight on the buying capacity. We accept that so as to boost the SC Department assets as per the new structure the positions and elements of the individuals with the SC Department should be adjusted to fortify the stock administration capacity of the organization. There organization could profit by having one individual answerable for determining request. Procedures ought to be inspected to guarantee that the SC Department has adequate access to data so as to accomplish this errand. Re-purchasing will likewise be of most extreme significance now so as to guarantee that there is consistently adequate stock to keep up creation going. †¢Vendor Development. A seller base of 350 can demonstrate useful for Spartan. Such a huge base of merchant demonstrates that Spartan has a decent market notoriety. Additionally the expansion in the necessity of crude material and its assortment getting decreased will help Rick to: †¢Maintain and improve quality †¢Find and create bestâ€in-class provider (both these focuses will help in prevalent quality item) †¢Standardize the things purchased and the procedures used to get them (presently conceivable because of normalization of item) (Ref pg 48) †¢Purchase required things and administrations at most minimal expense of proprietorship. †¢Another choice that Rick will have is Consignment purchasing (Ref. Pg 35) (which is conceivable because of the space accessible in the stockroom since the assortment of crude materials has decreased) This space can be utilized to keep providers stock under his influence (exceptionally for Aluminum which comprises 40% of the all out stock). A)This will help Rick in another manner as he will have the option to take care of the issue of stock out, extraordinarily for the essential crude material ie Aluminum. B)Since Spartan will currently require just a fixed assortment of crude materials, thus the prerequisite of a huge merchant base won't be required. This will likewise give Rick more arrangement capacity to an ixed merchant base, for his fundamental crude material as clarified later on. The new business procedure being planned for a long time will give more arrangement power taking into account a responsibility of a drawn out relationship. As we recently referenced, the new procedure of Spartan will empower the Supply Chain Department to rebuild the obtainment situation. As we probably am aware, buying and flexibly the executives are basic to the achievement of an organization. The general current origination with respect to obtainment is perceiving the significance that, notwithstanding cost, different components may have in this connection. In this line of thought, we accept that having the option to diminish altogether the quantity of merchants will permit the organization to make some extensive advances on seller improvement. Since there will be a less assortment of crude materials to buy and in a bigger amount than already, because of the new expectant methodology, the organization should intend to build up long haul relationship with these less merchants. Anyway in no way, shape or form would we like to infer that buying capacity at Spartan ought to be any less key. We accept this should proceed, yet in addition that a few assets would now be able to bear, and will exceptionally profit, from reallocating a few assets to the stock administration work. Straightforward will require more stock and crude materials as it would be a progressing creation consistently. For that the organization should connect with their providers all the more regularly so as to satisfy creation necessity. Providers will likewise have a solid motivation to help out the organization as they can acquire higher incomes because of more mass requests. Moreover, we realize that diminishing the costs will drive benefit up. In addition, lessening the buying cost on crude materials will create an influence impact on the arrival on resources. This implies any given decrease that Spartan can acquire on the acquisition cost of aluminum will decipher in a significantly higher increment in the arrival on resources. (Illustrate) A decrease in the costs from providers is one angle that is consistently conceivable and for this situation is essential due to the circumstance that is going on in the market. Straightforward should remember consistently that a significant number of their clients (counting a portion of the key ones) chose to select standard item structure since it brings them more favorable circumstances like lower cost and quicker conveyance. In result, Spartan should search for new providers that fulfill successfully the new needs of that the market is requesting. A 10% of decrease in the costs from providers could be conceivable via looking through new providers that offer normalized results of good quality. It could be a smart thought to look through new Asian and European providers since they are in effect serious agreeing the new market norms. Austere ought to likewise consider finding a compelling coordinations course which permits them to diminish expenses and they ought to think about merging their products. This will speak to a lessening in the costs that the organization needs to pay once they get their products. †¢Training of labor The change in corporate system will require the representatives to get preparing as per the new product offering. The foreseen increment in business will require more staff so the HR Dept should enroll more staff. †¢R&D : New activity for a variety of new Products The R&D should divert their endeavors to more stan

7 Negative Prefixes

7 Negative Prefixes 7 Negative Prefixes 7 Negative Prefixes By Mark Nichol What figures out which prefix is connected to a word to frame that word’s antonym? Why unlawful, however illicit? Why sick, yet disabled? You might be astounded that there’s a strategy to this frenzy: Negative prefixes come in structures that shift as per language determination as well as relying upon significance, and varieties happen as per the letter that follows. Here are the intricate details of in-and un-and their like, and insights concerning their differentiations: 1-2. A-/An- These Greek-inferred prefixes mark words communicating a nonappearance of something (atypical, anodyne). An is joined to words beginning with consonants, and an-is the structure for words starting with vowels. An exemption is words starting with h; contingent upon the root word, either prefix might be available (ahistorical, anhydrous). 3. Against Against , from Greek by method of Latin, implies â€Å"opposite† (contradictory) or â€Å"in resistance to† (antivirus), and can likewise signify barrier (antisubmarine) or anticipation (upper). 4. Dis- This Latin prefix, when appended to a word, suggests one of a few implications: nonattendance (irritated) or need (impaired), restriction (object), or expulsion (disappoint). 5. In- In-and its few varieties, all flagging Latin deduction, likewise mean absence of a given quality. The varieties il-and - ir are joined to words beginning with l or r (unreasonable, irreversible). Im-, in the interim, goes before m (insignificant) and p (eager) and the solitary model for b: irregularity. The uncommon prefix ig-now and again precedes n (dishonorable). In-shows up before root words starting with every other letter. 6. Non- This Latin negative prefix is minimal specific of the class, and can frequently be discovered appended to root words with the goal that the subsequent term contrasts in significance from one framed by the connection of another negative prefix to a similar root word. For instance, nonrational methods â€Å"not as indicated by objective methods or rules,† yet unrational alludes to conduct that doesn't comply with these standards. The nonparticular non-is the go-to negative prefix for neologisms. 7. Un- By stand out from the other negative prefixes, the connection of this Latin-based structure to a root word can, notwithstanding communicating need or nonattendance (unconcern), mean an inversion (uncoiled). It can likewise allude to a move not yet made (unopened). Other Usage Notes The nearness of adverse prefixes can prompt clumsy developments, for example, â€Å"nonhearing-disabled people.† The simple arrangement in such cases is to loosen up the expression: â€Å"people who are not hearing impaired.† Note that with most prefixes, the addition of a hyphen is the special case, not the standard. Prefixed words ought to be shut aside from when the root word is a formal person, place or thing (non-Euclidean) or in the uncommon situation when disarray with a comparatively built yet unmistakable word is conceivable (un-ionized and unionized, for instance). Sways have a fabulous time with amusing sonnets and different organizations highlighting concocted instances of antonyms for unpaired (words with negative prefixes that don't have antonyms, for example, ept to stand out from uncouth which really has an etymological partner in adept or ruth contrary to savage. Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Spelling class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be)Forming the Comparative of One-syllable Adjectives

Windows Upgrade Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Windows Upgrade Report - Essay Example XP is named a genuine working framework fit for chipping away at an isolated mode giving most extreme advantages as far as server highlights for home and office use. Windows 7 came to live in 2009 as a substitution for Window XP. The Edition was intended for business, home and work area use. The realistic highlights improved those of XP and begged the 3D. The â€Å"super bar† improved the engineering of the assignment bar with better coding plan for moment get to. Notwithstanding Windows Media player, the new progressive Windows Movie Maker and Windows Photo Gallery refreshed the media portion (Er. Vivek Sharma, 2013). Windows 7 is accessible in numerous forms and present various highlights. Windows 7 is accessible in Starter, Premium, Enterprise, Professional and Ultimate. A client has a decision of these adaptations as indicated by their requirements. The framework embraced higher prerequisite details than those of XP. Windows 7 is portrayed by 64-piece and 32-piece design with 64-piece 1 GHz processor. The base RAM size required is 2GB with a most reduced measure of 20 GB hard plate. The 32-piece design has a RAM imperative of 1GB. This is the burden with Windows 7 if the present equipment doesn't suite the prerequisites. Another issue is that Windows XP isn't handily moved up to Windows 7. Window 7 Enterprise has various highlights that limits cost for the business client. Direct Access is one such element. Like the Direct Access, Branch store is another application in Windows 7 that can be used together Windows server 2008 to improve the speed of removing information from remote areas by reserving the data in the intranet or the web the first occasion when it is mentioned. Different progressions incorporate VDI, App storage, Federated inquiry and Language Pack (Abraham Silberschatz, 2013). Windows 8 was first discharged for assembling on August 2012 and is an expansion of the 6.2 adaptation of the Windows NT Kernel. The new

The nurses' responsability in the prevention of medication errors Essay

The attendants' responsability in the counteraction of medicine mistakes - Essay Example With the quantity of claims ascending in the nation in regards to clinical misbehaviors, the nature of care needs not be accepted, and should consistently be considered as a pivotal angle in clinical practice (Reason, 2000). The creator keeps on argueing that clinical specialists have confronted disciplinary issues, disgrace and dangers because of acts of neglect. Nurses’ job Since attendants are significant players in offering clinical consideration, they are worried about the strength of a person from the beginning of prescription as far as possible (Cohen, 2007). In light to this contention, it is contended that attendants assume the significant job of guaranteeing that they comprehend the central point that lead to blunders in the clinical arrangement. This job of avoidance of mistakes is critical in the anticipation of clinical blunders (Cohen, 2007). Among these blunders are comprehensive of wrong counts of clinical doses, inappropriate conferences, inability, and inabil ity to cling to the set conventions among others (Cohen, 2007). With these roads of clinical mistakes set up, the nature of clinical help is then risked. For this situation, the attendant should assume the significant job of guaranteeing that they limit the roads of springing up of clinical blunders as could be expected under the circumstances. A genuine model is that of the nurses’ conversance with the FEMA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) that has been instrumental in easing chemotherapy blunders (Hartranft, Sheridan-Leos and Schulmeister, 2006). Attendants can concoct contemplations on the most proficient method to shield the wellbeing of the patient consideration. Regardless of the way that, Cohen (2007) shows that the medical attendants are for the most part constrained by the administration to cause a portion of these blunders, they are ought to be on the bleeding edge to guarantee that they limit the same number of difficulties as they can. Besides, in the clinical s etting, they should have tremendous exploratory information in the concerned field (Cohen, 2007). This permits the attendants have a major image of the whole case, in every case counter check the clinical history of a patient preceding creation any type of end (Cima, ?2011). This implies, the attendant can offer help by supporting for patient’s wellbeing; along these lines, counteraction of the event of any type of deferral in the foundation. For this situation, Cima (?2011) demonstrates that collaboration is conceivable, just as including administration as a topic that permits medical attendants depict the different components of managing nurses’ mistakes. Thirdly, the medical attendants assume the job of finding the number and kind of mistakes they make over the span of obligation. As contended by Hwang et. al (2008), a greater part of the mistakes made by medical attendants are comprehensive of poor breakdown of work process, which radiates from wrong ID of the pati ents, and utilizing an inappropriate data on another patient (Patel et al., 2008). Other than that, it is likewise conceivable that the attendants mis-transfuse blood, which may cause unfriendly haemolytic response among the patients being referred to (Mole et. al, 2007). In crafted by Bates and Kim (2006) and Escoto et. al (2008), attendants have a significant job of remedying clinical mistakes. This is conceivable by contriving a clinical mistake detailing framework in the wellbeing institutio

Marketing Strategy Of Primark Free Sample @Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Portray about promoting Strategy of Primark, ascent of the online quick design and systems to address regions of concern. Answer: Presentation: In this report, the showcasing methodologies of Primark will be explored for understanding the market circumstance of the organization. Primark is one of the most famous retail organizations in the current market of UK. The organization is currently the second biggest retail organization as for the deal every year. They have the point of being the biggest retailer in the UK showcase. In this report, the showcasing technique of the organization will be explored and the advertising procedures of the contender organizations are additionally examined. The banner has been created with the assistance of the discoveries of this exploration report. The suggestions of this report will assist the organization with achieving the upper hands in their future business. Promoting Strategy: The garments retail industry is one of the quickest developing ventures in the prominent business condition of the current UK showcase. The objective advertising and item promoting systems are very much evolved and arranged (Primark.com 2016). Incentive for Money: The organization is giving dress items and some footwear. The brand estimation of the organization is extremely high and they give the best quality items to their clients. Generally the white collar class and upper working class individuals are the objective clients of the organization. The organization is utilizing the online stage for advancing their items and administrations. They have the conviction of the way that they are giving right an incentive to the cash of the clients. The market position of the organization is generally excellent and they are directing their business very well using their advertising systems (Primark.com 2016). The results of the organization are dress and footwear. A wide range of garments are accessible in the stores of the organization. There are various areas of the stores for various sorts of individuals, for example, children, women and men (Primark.com 2016). The organization has its outlets or stores in huge numbers of the nations over the entire world. This report has been created by centering the market of UK. In this way, the commercial center of the organization will be the UK. The organization isn't centering in the region of advancing their items like the other contender organizations. They has the accept of the way that the high brand picture and rich nature of the items are sufficient for drawing in the clients towards their items (Primark.com 2016). Zone of concern Like the different business associations, Primark is additionally confronting extreme market rivalry from the other retail organizations, for example, ASDA, Marks Spencer, Tesco, Costco, Next, Zara and Matalan. Investigation of these retail organizations confirms that Primark has better business quality and high piece of the pie in the current condition. The item quality and the money related qualities of the organization are high and the organization is profoundly subject to these realities for picking up the upper hands (Lovelock 2011). Publicizing: The organization is absolutely reliant on the item nature of the organization. They don't give such a great amount of promotion in well known media like different organizations. Despite the fact that the organization is performing better and getting a mentionable benefit by the high offer of their items, however the circumstance probably won't be so acceptable in not so distant future (Berthon et al. 2012). The contenders organizations are likewise confronting high development in their business and they are utilizing significant level of special apparatuses for drawing in the clients. This might be the reason for hazardous circumstance later on business development of the organization (Fifield 2012). Ascent of the online quick design: Another territory is the utilization of innovation, contingent upon which different organizations are developing in their business. The greater part of the attire retailers are suing the most recent innovations in their authoritative techniques and the limited time methodologies for showcasing their items. The propensity of web based shopping is becoming quick and the contenders organizations are utilizing this reality and becoming exceptionally quick in their business. The Primark don't utilize refreshed innovations in their business systems or in the zone of the limited time devices of the items and administrations of the organizations (Kumar and Rajan 2012). The contenders of the organization are attempting to bit them here. The world is changing and the individuals are pulled in by the new mechanical zones and creative online gateways for their promoting. Around there, the organization has some absence of arranging. They have to center around there by the utilization of some inve ntive IT apparatuses for building up a very much arranged online entrance for making the shopping of the clients simpler (Cronin et al. 2011). Watchmen Competitive Strategies: The organization is by and by in a decent condition and leading a decent business in the UK showcase, yet the extraordinary market rivalry may influence the matter of the organization contrarily very soon. Subsequently, the organization needs to center around there to pick up the compelling degree of upper hands by building up a decent system. Around there, Porters serious systems can be useful to get the upper hands through the use of various kinds of approaches as depicted in the hypothesis (Solomon 2014). Doorman has given some nonexclusive systems for accomplishing the upper hands in significant level of market rivalry. The most famous two methodologies are cost initiative methodology and another is the separation technique. These two techniques can be executed in Primark to get the successful degree of upper hand (Lusch and Vargo 2014). Cost initiative system: One of the serious issues of the organization is the significant expenses of the items. Here and there, the items are not moderate by the ordinary citizens in light of this reality. Focusing on just the individuals of high society won't be successful for the future business development of the organization. Contingent upon the item quality, the costs of the results of this organization are exceptionally high. Hence, the organization needs to create cost initiative procedure to oppose different organizations to pick up the prominence in the created market of the organization (Piercy 2014). In this technique, the organization will have the option to convey the items at the most moderate cost by limiting the creation and strategic expenses of the items. Lower expenses of the items will draw in more clients towards the organization. Close to the lower costs, the organization ought to likewise keep up the nature of the items too. So as to do this, they have to locat e the unrivaled crude materials for the creations of the items. Here, they have to utilize the inventive devices of the data innovation and the web innovation. These two specialized apparatuses will assist with finding the providers with best quality however in a lower scope of cost. Once in a while, this technique can likewise be the reason for lower client attractions in view of mental issue. A portion of the high society individuals may believe that the lower costs of the items have diminished the nature of the items. Along these lines, the organization needs to give the items to both of the high society individuals and the white collar class individuals. In a roundabout way, this will bring about more items accessibility in the stores of the organization (Armstrong et al. 2014). Separation Strategy: Differentiating the items from different organizations will assist the organization with attracting the clients with the selectiveness of the items and administrations gave by the organizations. They have to concentrate on the separation system where they can separate their items and administrations from different organizations to pick up the upper hands. The inventive utilization of the Information Technology may give the web stage where the clients can discover some uniqueness than different organizations in a similar objective market (Schmidt, Spann and Zeithammer 2014). Building up some one of a kind plan of the garments might be the reason for the accessibility of some one of a kind items which will separate the results of the organization structure others. This uniqueness may pull in numerous new clients towards the items and administrations offered by Primark. Advertising center Cost: The costs of the results of Primark are high contrast with other attire organizations. The costs of the results of the organization are high a direct result of the top notch crude materials utilized for the items and the rich plans of the garments they offered to their clients. The brand estimation of the organization is likewise high and the costs of the items are high a result of this explanation additionally (Marketing Donut 2016). Procedures to address regions of concern Site and online entryway: Primark ought to overhaul and afterward re dispatch the site or internet shopping gateway with cutting edge bolster accessible in the current territory of the Information innovation. They should consolidate the web based shopping office by including the web based shopping baskets in the site of the organization. The plan of the site ought to be special and some new specialized stage ought to be accessible for making the buying of the clients simpler (Hollensen 2015). Present new scope of items and administrations: It is one kind of market improvement or can be called as the market advancement by presenting new items and administrations. This will draw in the clients who like to attempt various sorts of new garments often and cognizant about the style (Ferrell and Hartline 2014). Present nourishment courts or bistros: As the organization needs to create separation methodology by offering some exceptional types of assistance other than the selling of the dress materials. Around there, presenting nourishment courts or bistros might be useful for drawing in more clients to have a great deal of administrations in a single store (Jarvinen and Taiminen 2015). Present steadfastness cards: In request to pull in the clients and additionally increase more significant level of client dedication, the organization ought to present devotion card programs in their stores. In this plan, the clients will have the option to get som

Tying up some loose ends

Tying up some loose ends So I just submitted my first-ever RSVP to a wedding for people who werent old. As in, not for a distant cousin or my moms best friend from colleges sisters uncles first wifes second marriage, but to people I went with high school with. As in, a couple I distinctly remember running around with in the back of my best friend Wess Explorer, who started dating during our sophomore year homecoming, who were both in marching band with me (she plays clarinet, he plays bari sax), and who wore matching homemade Jedi costumes for Halloween our junior year. Wes once shot the guy in the face with an arrow. (Thats not really relevant to the fact that theyre getting married, its just a funny story.)(Which, uh, wasnt actually that funny at the time. Sorry, Dustin.) The point is that theyre two people who are my age, both of whom I love and mean a lot to me, pledging to spend the rest of their lives together. And the last time I checked that was something that only grown-ups did. (Also buying gifts for people off of a registry. And saying the word registry. What I really want to know is do people ever use registries for anything else? Because they seem like something I really want to sign up for.) Its a weird feeling, this growing up thing. Last Thursday I walked out of my very last lecture at MIT (9.65, Cognitive Processes), expecting the Lightning Bolt of Adulthood to strike me down to the sidewalk as I walked out the door of building 46, but it never came. After I finished my last exam this Tuesday, I began packing to move into my new apartment, for which weve already paid first and last months rent, and looking for cheap furniture on Craigslist. Still nothing. I picked up some more prunes and denture cleaning solution from Shaws on the way back to the retirement home. Even then, nothing. Regardless of the fact that Ive spent four years here and still feel like I havent changed much at all, there are still a few things I hadnt done in Boston until last week first of all, go to a Red Sox game: I dont know why it took me so long to go see the Red Sox play. I actually sort of like baseball and I actually REALLY like Fenway Park hot dogs, which I didnt figure out until halfway through the third inning. I also didnt realize it was going to be freezing even though its been fairly nice out, and so I spent half of the game burrowing my face into my scarf and the other half peeking out to see what the score was. It was still pretty enjoyable, though, and I left filled with Boston pride and a serious craving for more hot dogs. Speaking of Boston pride, last week was also my first time at the Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO), which seems pretty ridiculous considering I grew up being taken to, and falling asleep during, San Francisco Symphony concerts as a kid. The night we went to see the BSO was a special event John Williams, composer of such famous theme songs as those from Harry Potter, Star Wars, Jaws, Close Encounters, E.T., Indiana Jones, Cinema Paradiso, and pretty much every other movie soundtrack that gets stuck in your head for days on end, returned to conducted the BSO (he was the principal conductor from 1980 to 1993) in a special event called Hooray for Hollywood!, in which the orchestra paid tribute to Williams most famous compositions, in honor of the BSOs 125th anniversary. And it was amazing. Maybe even more amazing than the fact that wed gotten student rush tickets on the main floor for $10 with our MIT IDs. And in case you dont recognize them by name this is Hedwigs theme, from Harry Potter: For a few of the selections, they also rolled down a video screen and played clips from the films: And finally, they ended with: It was a pretty amazing concert, and even though I had two papers due the next day, both of which I didnt start until about 1 AM, I couldnt help but think that this wasnt something I would have done freshman year. I would have given up the concert tickets and missed hearing selections from one of the greatest composers of our time. Im pretty sure those papers which did get finished, by the way, something else I learned to do in four years here! wont go down in history as the greatest papers Ive ever written, but Im also pretty sure that Ill remember that night for a really long time. At least until I start losing my memory and my hair, but then I wouldnt have remembered those papers anyway, would I?

The Inquisition and the Quadrillion Miles - Literature Essay Samples

You see, like you, I suffer from the fantastic and so I love the realism of earth. Here, with you, everything is circumscribed, here all is formulated and geometrical, while we have nothing but indeterminate questions!(said to Ivan by The Devil, 776)Through Ivan, Dostoevsky sets up an impossible question that aims at the mystery of faith, the mystery of being able, paradoxically, to accept something that defies logic. Ivan desperately wants to believe; he has a strong mystical element to his character, but is tormented simultaneously by a bitterly imperative sense of rationality. This duality is his torment, his own personal paradoxical hell; his rational mind renders him unable to accept the God he so wants to believe in. The complex nature of his character is such that this emptiness is, for him, a torture. In his simplest sentiments, Ivan wants to believe in God with the same full-hearted faith as Alyosha. But in his fatal proclivity to measure his mysticism against his rati onality, he stamps out the space for anything so enigmatic and incomprehensible, so indeterminate as faith. Ivans difficulty is not that he doesnt believe in God, (on the contrary, it is his belief in God that rends his soul), but that he cant bring himself to accept Gods world. What keeps Ivan from the perceived comfort of faith cannot accept the illogic of a world that, among other transgressions of reason, would allow children to suffer. Nor can he accept the idea of ultimate harmony in the Kingdom of God, if it is at a cost so detrimental as the suffering of even one innocent child. That God could allow such horror defies Ivans stubborn, stringent sense of logic. Ivan struggles, stuck half-way between faith and despair. He loves life, but he cannot reconcile the fact that he loves it regardless of logic(274). He cannot affirm, or even justify his love for the sticky little leaves as they open in spring(273) as it is without reason or rational meaning. Ivan reveals himself most often not through direct dialogue, (in conversation he is slippery and hidden), but through strange parables and visions. In his tale of ÂÅ'The Grand Inquisitor, Ivan reveals the true, torturous nature of his relationship with God.In his fantastical poem, Ivan recounts a meeting between the Grand Inquisitor and Christ at the height of the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition. Christ has come to earth again and is mysteriously recognized by all who see Him, including the Grand Inquisitor himself, who orders Him seized and imprisoned; there follows a dialogue between the two men. The tale is a representation of the elements that are at war within Ivan. The Inquisitor is Ivans relentless logical mind, and Christ represents Ivans faith silent, and unable to answer any questions, but always undeniably, infuriatingly present. Ivans logic is bitterly furious with God, because it is Gods existence that is the center of the paradox tormenting him. The Inquisitor berates Go d for having condemned man with the freedom that makes him so unhappy. The Inquisitor even sneers at God, mocking Him, boasting that he has made Him obsolete: and we shall have an answer for all. And they will be glad to believe our answer, for it will save them from the great anxiety and terrible agony they endure at present in making a free decision for themselves(308). Ivan is fatally caught between belief and reason, and he blames God. The heart has its reasons that reason cannot know.(Pascal) Ivans dilemma is that he does not allow for his ÂÅ'heart his ÂÅ'reason must ÂÅ'know everything. Ivans iron sense of reason has rendered him a man unable to justify even the most instinctive of his convictions; for Ivan as an intellectual, to exist without even faith in existence, is torture. Father Zossima discerns this torture in Ivan in the unfortunate gathering between the elder and the family Karamazov. In this revelatory scene, Zossima illuminates the paradox that wrenche s Ivans soul, the eternal paradox of the question of Gods existence: the question is still fretting your heart in your despair, you, too, divert yourself with magazine articles, and discussions in society, though you dont believe your own arguments, and with an aching heart mock them inwardly That question you have not answered, and it is your great grief, for it clamors for an answer If it cant be decided in the affirmative, it will never be decided in the negative.(79). By the same brutally rigid sense of logic that prevents Ivan from committing to the certainty of Gods existence, he can never commit to the certainty of His non-existence. It is not, however, Ivans inability to commit to the existence of God that leads to his spiritual and mental collapse, rather it is his inability to commit to humanity. According to Dostoevsky, faith in God and faith in man are consecutive and inter-reliant, and for Ivan, lack of one has led to the lack of the other. Of the two, it is his la ck of faith in humanity that proves to be the more fatal for Ivan.When Smerdyakov confesses to the murder of Fyodor Pavlovitch Karamazov, Ivan is forced to a recognition of his criminal irresponsibility. Ivans soul is shaken at the realization that all those nights around the dinner table when he was spouting empty philosophy and meaningless conclusions, as if life were nothing but a game of logic, there was someone taking every word for truth, as if it had come from God Almighty(737). For every individual who does not believe in God or immortality crime must become, not only lawful but even recognized as the inevitable, the most rational, even honorable outcome of his position. There is no virtue if there is no immortality.(79) It is this absolutism that rends Ivans soul. For Ivan there exist only two possibilities: either there is no God and everything is permissible, or God exists along with Absolute Virtue. There is no middle ground, because to relinquish the absolute is t o throw oneself into the impossible paradox God exists, but there is no virtue, and everything is permissible. But Ivan cannot renounce his absolutists logic, and it is out of this profound faith-lessness that Ivan speaks, and, unconsciously, puts [Smerdyakov] up to murder(751). In visiting Smerdyakov therefore, Ivan is confronting the incarnation of the malicious fruits of his own reasoning mind. In his logical scheme of the world, Ivan has neglected to give validity to life and humanity, although he remains a part of life and humanity despite his self-imposed exile in the cold realm of intellect and reason. In hearing Smerdyakovs confession, Ivan must come to terms with the fact that he has not been isolated from man. He finally understands that we are all responsible to all for all(362), and that he has disgracefully shirked his responsibility. Ivans wretched guilt goes beyond the murder of his father; he understands that he is guilty of invalidating humanity, and his on ly redemption is to confess his part in his fathers murder, and so begin to accept his recognized responsibility. Symbolizing that he has resolved to accept his duty to humanity, on his way from his last interview with Smerdyakov, Ivan spends an hour helping the peasant whom he had previously knocked down in the snow find warmth and shelter.At this point, Ivan has leaped from the rational extreme to the mystical, human extreme of his fatal absolutism. In a last strange parable, Ivan comes face to face with his devil, Logic. In this surreal scene, it becomes clear that Ivans fatal weakness is not merely his logic, but his absolutism. The reader understands that if only Ivan could exist between the paradox rather than deny it, if only he could affirm and embrace the contradiction and irrationality of life, he would be redeemed from insanity. No, you must go and deny, without denial theres no criticism and what would a journal be without a column of criticism? Without criticism i t would be nothing but one ÂÅ'hosannah. But nothing but hosannah is not enough for life, the hosannah must be tried in the crucible of doubt and so on.(780) Ivan is willing to live only one extreme or the other; the distance between the two is a quadrillion miles, and he is not willing to accept the arduous journey in his desperation, he still believes in the simple absolute of the one hosannah. But even this belief is shattered when Ivan learns of Smerdyakovs suicide. Ivan now recognizes that the impossible simplicity toward which he was desperately striving is truly impossible. He can no longer redeem himself from his damning logic by confessing and receiving punishment for his part in his fathers murder. The paradox has multiplied and compounded itself until Ivans spirit, in its weakness (for it has been weak all along), collapses of brain fever: hesitation, suspense, conflict between belief and disbelief is sometimes such torture to a conscientious man(784).Afflicted w ith a chronic faithless-ness, Ivan is truly a tragic figure. Condemned to allow himself to live only through the lens of his common sense, the indeterminate questions infuriate and exasperate Ivans three-dimensional mind. Through Ivan, Dostoesvky sounds the question of the value of intelligence and reason, if it is at the cost of compassion, humanity, and faith. Ivan undergoes a breakdown because his soul lacks the strength to travel the quadrillion miles. The paradox of Ivans weakness is tragic because he cannot believe in the two seconds of joy, he will never find even one moment of respite from the torture of his self-defeating logic.

Continuity and Change-over-Time Silk Road Trade 200...

The Silk Road is a trading route on the continent of Eurasia that stretches from the vast coast of China all the way to Eastern Europe. The trade route was at its greatest use from 200 B.C.E. to 1450 C.E. The society that began the Silk Road was the Han Dynasty in China in approximately 200 B.C.E. The Han Dynasty facilitated trade in the east, while the Roman Empire facilitated trade in the west and in Europe. The two empires traded many goods, as well as cultural aspects of each society’s way of life. From 200 B.C.E. to 1450 C.E., the Silk Road changed in terms of trade, such as what items were traded, and contact with civilizations, such as what societies made use of the Silk Road. Although these changes affected the efficiency of trade†¦show more content†¦Under the unification of the Mongols, trade on the Silk Road continued to be active. When the Ming Dynasty took over control of China from the Mongols in 1368, porcelain began to be trade on the Silk Road. The fa ll of the Mongols in Asia opened trade to other places in the known world, such as Mongolia, and southern Russia. Over time, the societies controlling trade along the Silk Road changed as empires either rose to power, or declined then collapsed. Although the goodsShow MoreRelatedSilk Road1687 Words   |  7 PagesThe Silk Road was a trade network the connected the East to the West on the Eurasian continent. This trade included both overland and maritime routes. The central Asian kingdoms and peoples became the nexus point for much of this trade which lasted from the 3rd century B.C.E. to the 15th century C.E. Many products and other cultural expressions moved along the Silk Road and diffused among various kingdoms along it. In breaking down and separating the patterns of interaction that occurred along theRead MoreHistory Essay3334 Words   |  14 PagesAP WORLD HISTORY  ® Modified Essay Questions for Exam Practice This document provides modifications of the AP World History Comparative and Continuity and Change-Over-Time (CCOT) essay questions from the 2002 to the 2010 operational exams. The modified questions provide examples of essay questions that align more closely with the Curriculum Framework for the revised course as of the 2011-12 academic year. The accompanying rationale for each question explains the revisions. Mission Statement

Organ Shortage - 1895 Words

The organ shortage: To market, or not to market? Organ transplantation is a term that most people are familiar with. When a person develops the need for a new organ either due to an accident or disease, they receive a transplant, right? No, that s not always right. When a person needs a new organ, they usually face a long term struggle that they may never see the end of, at least while they are alive. The demand for transplant organs is a challenging problem that many people are working to solve. Countries all over the world face the organ shortage epidemic, and they all have different laws regarding what can be done to solve it. However, no country has been able to create a successful plan without causing moral and ethical dilemmas.†¦show more content†¦To support his argument, Huebner uses statements such as The sellers are often tricked or coerced by brokers, they don t always get the promised payment, and even when they are paid, that rarely solves whatever problem prompted them to sell the organ. In fact, the soluti on usually makes matters much worse.† Huebner also states that Rich patients in need of organs take advantage of the world s poor(Huebner, Albert), insinuating that only rich people can afford to buy organs. While both of these statements support the claim made, there isn t much actual research to support it. No evidence or believable examples were found in the article. While it may be true that more rich people are able to receive organ transplants, it s not fair to say that it s only the rich people who are exploiting the poor. That is, if they are even being exploited at all. Who is to say that the poor people who would sell organs wouldn t be doing so in order to make a better life for themselves and their family? Until an organ market is established and research is done to support these claims, there is very little fact to support them. This leads into the next claim, that commodifying organs will take the integrity out of donating. The idea of turning to human body into a commodity is one that has been disapproved of for a long time. It s not legal to be aShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Organ Donation And The Effects On Organ Shortages1679 Words   |  7 PagesENG106 Professor Tiedt Euthanasia Organ Donation and the Effects on Organ Shortages â€Å"The shortages in transplantable organs worldwide not only leads to unnecessary death, but also to grave human right abuses though illegal methods of procuring organs† (Statz, 2006, p. 1).With the decrease in solid organs available, the demand for organs increase and fail to meet the needs of patients facing organ failure. The only options to receive an organ includes receiving an organ from a family member, begin turningRead MoreAddressing The Shortage Of Organ Donors981 Words   |  4 PagesAddressing the Shortage of Organ Donors. More than 110,000 people are on waiting lists for organs they may not ever get in time (mantel). This has caused an organ black market in which people are trading their or other individuals’ organs for illegal money. In case making criminals out of normal people. In 2009, the FBI arrested a Brooklyn rabbi for illegal organ trade, he was buying organs from overseas for a mere ten thousand dollars and selling here in the black market for upwards of one hundredRead MoreOrgan Shortage Around The World2101 Words   |  9 PagesIn the 21st century, it is obvious to the world that there is an organ shortage around the world. Many thousands, hundreds of thousands of people are waiting for organs to save their lives. There are just not enough organs to be spread around to the people who urgently need them. The global response to this problem is very different throughout different countries. Some countries are harvesting organs, some executing prisoners, some paying people to donate, some allowing people to sell them on theRead MoreThe Shortage Of Donated Organs And The Issues With The Current Donation System2115 Words   |  9 Pageswaiting for an organ that could save their lives. While on the other side of the world, thousands of people die a year, but from infection when an organ is forcefully taken from them to sell on the black market. There are two sides of the organ donation list, and both can end in death. This paper will discuss the shortage of donated organs and the issues with the current donation system. It will also discuss the black market for  transplant  organs and possible solutions to viable organ shortage. The focusRead MoreOrgan Donation Shortage- Problem-Solution Essay2591 Words   |  11 PagesOrgan donation shortage Organ donation shortage When receiving a driver’s license in the United States, there is a section on the back in which it asks if the licensed driver would like to become an organ donor. Most people overlook this option. Nothing is really pushed forth for people wanting to become organ donors. Today in the U.S, thousands of people need organ transplants. Unfortunately, there is a growing shortage of donated organs. Many people die every year because there are not enoughRead MoreEssay on The Doctrine of Double Effect1307 Words   |  6 PagesDoctrine of Double Effect. After reading the article, respond to the questions listed below. 2. Define the Doctrine of Double Effect. 3. Provide a brief summary of Scanlons view on the doctrine. 4. Discuss the scenario of either the drug shortage or organ shortage found in the article. 5. What is the scenario? 6. How does this demonstrate the Doctrine of Double Effect? 7. Do you agree with the action taken? If not, what could have been done? 8. What was Scanlons view on the scenario? IntroductionRead More Tissue Engineering Essays2773 Words   |  12 PagesWith tissue engineering, familiar problems like the rejection of foreign tissue by the body, the severe shortage of organ donors, and the inefficiency of artificial devices may be solved. However, this cutting edge biotechnology has already spurred intense controversy over the ethics and morality of creating spare human body parts. The goal of tissue engineering is to grow tissues and neo-organs that can be used for transplants. Tissue engineers must first decide what type of cell they want to useRead MoreThe Human Organ Market1324 Words   |  6 PagesThe Human Organ Market Over the past decade the number of patients in need of an organ transplant has increased dramatically. The shortage of organs each year increases the number of patients on the waiting list and has deprived many people from a new life. There are over 100,000 Americans on the waiting list and overage 19 people did each day from the lack of an organ transplant (Abouna 1). Between the years 1988 to 2006, the number patients in need for a transplant has increased times six (AbounaRead MoreRecently, over 90,000 American men, women, and children are waiting for new kidneys. However, only600 Words   |  3 Pageswhile they are waiting for organ donators, we have to find a way to increase the supply of organs that could reduce waiting times and deaths. The most effective way will be to provide compensation for organ donators; in other words, we need to establish a market for organs. The first successful kidney transplant was done in Boston in 1954. Since then, the techniques were developed for immune system to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs. Although the number of organ transplants has grown rapidlyRead MoreOrgan Donation Of The United States937 Words   |  4 Pagesan organ transplant. There are waiting lists for adults and children needing an organ. It may be difficult for some people to decide what would be right, if donation is the correct answer. Some people are not well informed on organ donations. Family members might not want for their loved ones to donate their organs. Why should we donate? If we are born with our own body parts why would we want to destitute them? These questions are a matter of debate, some people want to donate their organs to help

How Do Early Childhood Practitioners Use Research...

The present work analyses the findings of an interview to a practitioner, with the purpose to find out How do Early Childhood Practitioners use research techniques to develop their understanding of children’s needs and development. The practitioner interviewed is an Assistant Teacher in a nursery. She is working with children 3 to 4 years old. She has Level 2 and 3 In Early Childhood Studies and another courses that complete her education. Currently she is studying level 4 and 5 part time in the University of East London with the aim to get promotion in the future. There is no relationship between the interviewer and the interviewee, apart from a conversation of few minutes at the beginning of the course as a classmate. The main roles of Practitioner A is to follow EYFS, that consist in seven points of learning and seven areas. Support the planning and implementation of activities with children, promoting effective teaching and learning. Provide a purposeful, stimulating environment, rich in learning opportunities both indoors and outdoors and promote the inclusion of all children. Also the interaction with each other and support the nursery’s commitment on safeguarding children in all aspect of the nursery service. The main purpose of this interview was to find answers to the main research questions of this study: How do Early Childhood Practitioners use research techniques to develop their understanding of children’s needs and development. According to Marshall (1997:65)Show MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast: Early Years Foundation Stage Curriculum, and Te Whariki Curriculum2438 Words   |  10 PagesThe Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) curriculum in England differs greatly in structure and content to the Te Whariki curriculum in New Zealand; this therefore makes for an interesting comparison. The EYFS was introduced in England, in 2008, by the DfE as a framework that ‘sets the standards for learning, development and care of children from birth to five’ (DfE, 2012). Alternatively, Te Whariki was founded in New Zealand, in 1996, based on the aspirations for children ‘to grow up as competentRead MoreCache Level 3 Award, Level 3 Certificate and Level 3 Diploma in Child Care and Education15197 Words   |  61 Pagesto working with children Development from conception to age 16 years Supporting children Keeping children safe The principles underpinning the role of the practitioner working with children Promoting a healthy environment for children Play and learning in children’s education Caring for children Research into child care, education and development Care of sick children Nutrition and healthy food for children Child, family and outside world Working with children with special needs Developing children’sRead MoreA Research Study On Behavior Theory2552 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Behavior theory practitioners focus directly on observable behavior, current determinants of behavior, knowledgeable experiences that promote short and long-term changes, fashioning design treatment strategies to individual clients, rigorous assessment and evaluations. The two practitioners this paper shall primarily focus on the studies of B. F. Skinner and Albert Bandura. With the support from several other scientific studies of development of learning theories making, thisRead MoreFactors That Influence Professional Practice When Working With Children And Young People2100 Words   |  9 Pagesreference to at least two theories of learning, discuss how differing theoretical perspectives, and our interpretation of these, might influence professional practice when working with children and young people. There are many different ways in which children can learn, for instance, behaviourism, cognitive learning theory, humanism, emotional literacy, brain-based learning. These theories have an impact on children’s holistic development and professionals have to ensure they meet children’s physicalRead MoreCurriculum Overview Essay2946 Words   |  12 PagesCurriculum Overvie w When children are getting ready for their first day of school, they have no idea what is in store for them. Their mom’s and dad’s take them to get their first school supplies and new backpacks. What they don’t realize is that at the same time, their soon-to-be teachers are making the curriculums for the upcoming school year. When the word curriculum is used people have a general idea of what it means, but there has never been an agreed upon definition of the word. ItRead Moretransition faced by the children/young people Essay1929 Words   |  8 PagesDiscuss the transition faced by the children/young people in your setting. Explain how the children and their parents/ carers are affected by these changes and reflect on the most appropriate ways to respond with reference to workplace policies and procedures. Suggest relevant further sources of information and support for the children, young people and their parents/ carers. Introduction This assignment will discuss the transitions faced by children and their parents including horizontalRead MorePsychodynamic Family Therapy2552 Words   |  11 Pagesits approach to understanding human motivation, character development, and psychopathology. Freud’s insights and analyses of psychic determinism, early childhood sexual development, and unconscious processes have left an indelible mark on psychology (Korchin, 1983). The terms psychoanalyses, psychoanalytic theory, and pertinent to this paper is psychodynamic therapy, are terms that are often used interchangeably to refer to a specific set of therapeutic assumptions and techniques first developedRead MoreEssay On Behavioral And Emotional Disorders4355 Words   |  18 PagesBehavioral and emotional disorders are on the rise in schools and are often present at early ages than previously seen. In the past these behaviors were more common to manifest or present in late middle school and early high school years. Now they are being seeing much earlier, which is leading educators, administrators, and politicians to seek information and assistance in many different ways. Not being the easiest to work with or have in a general education classroom setting or environment, theseRead MoreCACHE Level 3, Child care and Education, Unit 176097 Words   |  25 PagesReggio, they repeat their ideas and activities, so that the children are able to revisit what t hey were doing the day before to further their understanding of what they were doing, but also get help if they need it. Reggio also allows the children to direct their own learning, so if they do not fully understand what they are doing at the time, then they can go back and revisit it to make sure they understand it, however if the children are confident with it, then they will move onto learning somethingRead MoreSupport The Positive Parenting Of A Child s Physical, Cognitive And Social Emotional Learning Development2812 Words   |  12 Pagesapproach to support the positive parenting in respect of a child s physical, cognitive and social emotional learning development. The first two years of any child s life are the most critical and important when it comes to their personal development when growing up. They are essential to the cognitive, physical, social and emotional development. Many theorists have suggested that is a child is brought up where their developmental needs are not being met from either circumstances like their home, school

Egyptian Society Traditional Middle Eastern Values...

Egyptian Society: Traditional Middle Eastern Values Blended with Western Beliefs Amongst the turbid and dysfunction that is the Middle East lies the nation of Egypt. Egypt, a major country of the Middle East, is habitually considered stereotypical of Middle Eastern civilization, but further research guides one to the conclusion that Egypt is far from a generic Middle Eastern country. Egypt has a strong tradition of nationalism that has been formed during its history, giving it a national unity that is often non-existent in other Middle Eastern nations (1). This, as well as other advantages that Egypt has gained during its past, has allowed it to rise above the problems plaguing the rest of the Middle East and to form basically its†¦show more content†¦For the most part, the assets of their private life did not play a role in their importance in the public realm. All were equal in this realm. The two realms were thus completely separate of each other. The present-day United States is noticeably different from that of ancient Greece. The difference is basic: the private and public realms have merged to form one major realm, society (3). With this new blended realm of society, ones personal life significantly impacts ones role in the public. Better said, the private realm becomes public, able for all to view. This creates an unequal balance, giving high authority to those with impressive wealth or other valuable assets in their private realm. Arendt comments on the distortion of the public realm, which is now technically non-existent in the social realm, when she says: Being seen and being heard by others derive their significance from the fact that everybody sees and hears from a different position. This is the meaning of public life, compared to which even the richest and most satisfying family life can offer only the prolongation or multiplication of ones own position with its attending aspects and perspectives. (4) The best evidence to support this transition of realms is the disclosure of the most personal matters of celebrities regularly discussed on a mass media forum. The two societies of Ancient Greece and modern-day America are apparently so drastically different in comparisonShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesLandscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New AmericanRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagessees redemption in Africa and rejects the European values that have oppressed a society. But prior to the advent of popular culture and especially the music recording business in the late twentieth century, its apparatus of cultural formation was controlled fully by the elite who, to a large extent, ran the educational apparatus and the economic system. But much of the country was beginning to question in earnest the structure of colonial society by the early 1930s. The emergence of Rasta duringRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership

Best Practice Companies Training in the Airline Industry Free Essays

string(119) " much of the first two weeks, and while a lot of the training is in separate classes, there is still a lot of overlap\." After September 11th, there was a great deal of turmoil in the airline industry as a tremendous amount of money was needed to be allocated toward other things such as security enhancements. As a result, most airlines cut back costs in other departments, especially in the department of training. However, some airlines deemed training their employees effectively to be pertinent to their development, and thus decided to enhance their training programs to provide a more long term benefit. We will write a custom essay sample on Best Practice Companies: Training in the Airline Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is part of what contributed to the title of a â€Å"best practice company† for many of these airlines. They recognized training as not only a fundamental part of human resource management but also for their growth and reputation. Training offers a way of developing skills, enhancing productivity and quality of work, and building worker loyalty to the firm, and most importantly, increasing individual and organizational performance to achieve business results. Training is widely accepted as an employee benefit and a method of improving employee morale, and enhancing employee skills has become a business imperative. Increasingly, managers and leaders realize that the key to business growth and success is through developing the skills and knowledge of its workforce. The best practice companies we observed included Southwest Airlines, Jetblue, British Airways, Singapore Airlines, and Virgin Atlantic Airways; all of which have made it on the Fortune 500 list of â€Å"Most admired Companies†. We came to the conclusion that these five airlines can be seen as best practice companies in the field of training, due to their dedication in providing high quality training, their innovative training tactics, and their emphasis on training in customer service. Dedication To Providing High Quality Training as a Means to Being a Best Practice Company: The superior quality of training is something in which these airlines take a great deal of pride in, and has been achieved through employee motivation and an intensive amount of learning. Three of the airlines including Southwest, Jetblue, and British Airways actually have â€Å"training universities† in which every employee is expected to attend. Some classes are standard for everyone in the workforce, while others cater to specific jobs, such as pilots, stewards, ground workers, etc. Employee’s are paid for the time they spend in class at these designated schools and will typically work forty hour weeks doing so. All five of these airlines cater to the learning development of their employee’s, to ensure complete knowledge of the company and their specific job. Dedication To Providing High Quality Training: Southwest Airlines The key to success in any organization is motivation, the ability to rally a group of people behind a specific goal. When motivation is in place employee’s engage in low absenteeism and job satisfaction, to name a few. Herb Kelleher, the founder and creator of Southwest Airlines has been able to do just this through many ways such as implementing training and career development programs. As many people have heard Southwest does not hire for skills but rather attitude and personality. Before considering if you would like to be employed you must first ask yourself, â€Å"Am I motivated? † if not there is a great chance you will not be hired. Not having all of the correct skills on the other hand is not something to worry about seeing how Southwest will train you for the skills needed. ‘It is the people; it has always had to do with their selection,† Heskett says. †They are selected primarily for attitude, and most people primarily select for skills. They have a particular view for people who will fit into a team-oriented organization and the airline industry is team-oriented. If you have people pointing fingers, you have problems† (people. bu. edu). Southwest has develo ped their own training program which they have named the â€Å"University for People. † This school is based in Dallas out of the Love Field Airport. , more specifically within an old airplane hanger. Within this hanger employee’s engage in a significant amount of role-play. For example someone might get to play the pissed off customer whose flight just got cancelled or the mother traveling with her children. The whole center has been designed to facilitate learning in real life situations. â€Å"The University for People is where new recruits are sent for orientation and indoctrination into Southwest’s culture. They get to see video footage of Herb Kelleher, Southwest’s legendary founder, dressed as Elvis at a company party and otherwise carrying on. † (key. om) Southwest is an organization that believes in continuous learning therefore Southwest’s â€Å"individual employees become ‘international learns’ who look to learn in everyday experiences rather than occasional classes† (ccp. com). The main purpose of the University for People is to introduce and enforce hard work, high-energy, fun, local autonomy, and creativity. Dedi cation To Providing High Quality Training: JetBlue Airlines JetBlue, which has only been in existence since 1999, has learned the training practices of many other airline companies to formulate its very own unique program, and has since been extremely effective. JetBlue established its own universities to ensure that people were properly trained; they have the College of Flight, the College of In-flight, and the College of Customer Service (Wynbrandt134). Third, the company consciously evaluates employees, including management and gives them feedback. Once hired, pilots and flight attendants are sent to Florida for three weeks for their training. JetBlue’s philosophy on training is creating the best working environment so the crew is motivated to work for the company. The Chief Learning Officer at JetBlue University shares the training viewpoint behind the company. At JetBlue U, our goal is to provide our crew members the tools they need to succeed. These tools include the technical aspects of each crew member’s responsibilities†¦ and inculcation of our crew members in our unique corporate culture† (Sosbe). Many airline companies have separate training sessions for pilots and flight attendants, because the nature of their training material is very different. However, JetBlue tired something different, â€Å"Flight attendants and pilots are together for much of the first two weeks, and while a lot of the training is in separate classes, there is still a lot of overlap. You read "Best Practice Companies: Training in the Airline Industry" in category "Papers" Most airlines keep the two employee groups strictly apart. † This process of putting the two groups together is a strategic method of JetBlue who believes that â€Å"analysis of accidents have revealed that lives have been saved when the crews were comfortable with one another† (Peterson 184). The first week of JetBlue U is about crew culture. They use icebreakers and activities to bond the flight attendants and pilots. They then go over Federal Aviation Administration or FAA regulations. They have a lifestyle lecture, â€Å"the vagaries of drugs and booze awareness, and even hair and makeup pointers† (Peterson190). Each crew member must follow the appearance standards. From the second week on, the flight attendants and pilots divide into their different areas of focus. Dedication To Providing High Quality Training: British Airways British Airways, which is the largest airline in the United Kingdom, and considered one of the largest in Europe, is a best practice company because of the in depth way they train their employees. They put time and effort into educating their pilots, flight attendants, and other company personnel. They go above and beyond the required amount of training. They have even created their own university, and incorporate real life simulators as a training component. According to 2006 Fortune 500 Magazine British Airways ranked seventh under the airline industry category, British Airways is, â€Å"catching the competition wide awake. † British Airways is always finding ways to make their company more profitable. According to Oracle press, â€Å"British Airways is using a new, comprehensive learning offering from Oracle to create a global learning programs for its 48,000 employees. † This company has taken pride in making the best company it can be. Dedication To Providing High Quality Training: Singapore Airlines Singapore Airlines is one of the most renowned companies in the world and is ranked in Fortune as number seventeen in the year 2007 list of â€Å"World’s Most Admired companies. Singapore Airlines’ CEO, Chew Choon Seng, attributes his company’s success to their extensive training programs. â€Å"Training is a necessity, not an option. It is not to be dispensed with when times are bad†¦ Training is forever. No-one is too young to be trained. † As you can see, there is no one in the company that is not trained extensively. This keeps everyone in the business on their toes and ready to handle any situation. Mrs Lam Seet Mui, Singapore Airlines’ Senior Manager for Human Resource development, talks about two types of training that Singapore Airlines does. Essentially we do two types of training, functional training and general management type training. Functional training is about equipping people with the skills to do their job, to make them technically competent and confident as possible†¦ The general management training has to do with the softer skills. † Within these two groups, Singapore Airlines trains about 9,000 annually, the same amount as the National University in Singapore. Their courses are usually short and concise, and they feel that this allows them to be efficient and stay committed. (www2. arwick. ac. uk) To share the latest ideas and newest training techniques, Singapore Airlines brings together 50 executives from different departments all over the world. When the executives return they have all been exposed to the latest ideas and should be prepared to be a role model for the changes being made to better the company. (Fung) Dedication To Providing High Quality Training: Virgin Atlantic Airways Virgin Atlantic Airlines has only been around since 1984 and has managed to become the second largest airline in the United Kingdom. (Branson 185) Virgin Atlantic has been formerly recognized on many occasions for its excellence in training. In 2005 they won the regional final of the National Training Awards. The awards acknowledge outstanding and lasting excellence and success through training. Dr Graeme Hall, Chief Executive of UK Skills, who runs the National Training Awards on behalf of the Department for Education and Skills, says, â€Å"Effective training will help create a more effective, productive and flexible workforce. The message to UK Plc is simple: invest in training to gain a true competitive advantage. Meanwhile, Virgin staff are happier and more motivated, and attrition is down. (Jackson 25) Like the other airlines, Virgin is committed to instilling a great deal of learning into the minds of their employees. This is accomplished by outlining the company framework, and using a variety of techniques to teach, with an emphasis on e-learning. Although Virgin Atlantic Airlines does not have a so called â€Å"unive rsity† to train its employee’s, it does have a general training facility used to employ all of its staff and specializes in individual e-learning. One of the groups Virgin is most noteable for training is their management team. After the major descent in air travel following the attacks of 9/11, Virgin Atlantic went through a period of intense growth. The management team however, was not quite ready to take on such a period of rapid growth or to respond to new opportunities which may unwillingly present themselves. Branson also found it keen to increase the amount of management vacancies that were filled internally, to safeguard Virgin’s work culture. In order to provide a resolution to this shortcoming, â€Å"Virgin decided to send all of its 120 managers on personal development workshops at Roffey Park, at a cost of ?2,000 to ?3,000 per head†. (Bringing out the Branson) The workshops began with individual coaching sessions that set personal development objectives for the managers, based on feedback from the 360-degree appraisal and personality tests. These were followed by a series of activities that aimed to instil Virgin’s leadership principles into management behavior. The program finished by producing individual personal development plans and split each group into two sets of six managers, who met up six times over the next nine months to monitor their own progress and bounce ideas off each other. (â€Å"Bringing out the Branson†) Innovative Training Tactics as a Means to Being a Best Practice Company: Another distinguishing feature of these airlines is the innovative practices used to train their employees. A typical day of training will use an extremely wide variety of ways to enforce and encourage productive learning. These techniques include: on-the-job training; apprenticeship training; role playing, scenario building, classroom training; and electronic learning, which may involve interactive Internet-based training, multimedia programs, distance learning, satellite training, other computer-aided instructional technologies, videos, simulators, conferences, and workshops. We noticed that the majority of the innovative training has been used for the pilots as many airlines have taken advantage of today’s great technology to provide an excellent source of simulated training. Also, with the release of the new aircrafts, such as the airbus, there has been an increase in providing new training tactics to meet the quality of the new aircrafts. Innovative Training Tactics: JetBlue JetBlue has been all over the media for its developments in pilot training. Special training for pilots is given to ensure they know the newest technology and procedures. In 2005, JetBlue signed a contract to send their pilots to College of Flight were they are trained by experienced professionals at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. â€Å"The agreement calls for Embry-Riddle to deliver the ‘Initial Training Course’ (TS1) and the ‘Recurrent Training Course’ (TS2) to JetBlue’s ‘College of Flight’ instructors beginning in early 2006. The instruction is designed to enrich the pilot training programs for JetBlue’s fleet of Airbus and Embraer aircraft† (Embry-Riddle). JetBlue wants to equip its pilots with the most current information. As part of the plan, all current and new JetBlue flight instructors will be taking introductory and advanced courses designed to boost teaching effectiveness for instructors who provide academic and simulator training to front-line pilots† (Embry-Riddle). A major difference between JetBlue’s training programs compared to other airlines is JetBlue pays its employees for their time during trainings. â€Å"Certain other big airlines, when they hire pilots, they say ‘you’re privileged to work for us, so we’re not going to pay you while you’re in training. Moreover] we’re going to make your pay for your own hotel [during your training]. ’ And then little wonder people come out of the class mad because they had to borrow money or they had to sacrifice, and they didn’t really respect the company because they took advantage of them† (Wynbrandt135). JetBlue not only pays their pilots, but pays for all of their accommodations while training. JetBlue makes their employees feel like they are cared about. An important role in their training is feeling like they are wanted. Pilots sign a five year contract guaranteeing them employment, which doesn’t allow the company to lay them off. According to Neeleman, the net result is â€Å"employees are convinced the airline cares about them† (Wynbrandt135). Upon graduation from the University there is a final exam to test each crew member on the knowledge they have acquired. There is a graduation ceremony and many crew members have flights that depart the next morning. â€Å"They’ll be training two groups a month, cranking out the crew members at the rate of nearly one hundred a month† (Peterson 199). Innovative Training Tactics: British Airways British Airways has developed an extensive training program for both their fight attendants, and pilots. They have developed flight simulators to make their training program tangible. The flight simulators offer joint aviation instruction. Their flight simulators make up the biggest Boeing training center outside of the United States. They are using the most worlds most advanced technology to make the simulators create real world situations. The simulation training includes use with Boeing and Airbus Airplanes. They include work with Boeing 747, Boeing 777, Boeing 767, Boeing 757, Boeing 737, and Airbus A320. British Airways has also included pilot, ground school, and cabin safety to their training programs. Their ground school teaches JAR approval aircraft type-technical courses. They are computer based training and used in every day work. Each class that they offer is two hours long. The classes incorporate scans, procedures, and relevant aspects of the company. The pilots that take the class are tested every three days to make sure they are on task, and have understanding of the course material. The course generally last ten to twelve days, and in order to enroll in the course they are asked to take a pre-course for two to three days on flight management computers. British Airways also uses a number of approaches to prepare their cabin crew for emergency situations. They are trained in cabin safety in areas that include: fire and smoke, wet drills, slide descents, and door operation. They are trained on any and all of the different planes that they fly, so that they are familiar with all of British Airways fleet. Each area of training for safety focuses on different situations. For cabin simulators they teach the crew about skills and how to deal with any emergency situation. They start with the fire and smoke training. The crew is training how to deal with a plane fire emergency. They are given realistic simulation on first and they are taught how to with them in a orderly fashion. They then move on to the wet drills. For this drill the crew is taught how to operate a life jacket, and they are taught how to help the passengers in a water landing. The last set of training workshops that the crew goes through is door operations. In this class they are taught how to use the exist doors and cabin doors. Innovative Training Tactics: Virgin Atlantic Airways Virgin Atlantic Airways utilizes the company Canadian Aviation Electronics (CAE), which is a worldly renown company that provides â€Å"customized training services for pilots and maintenance technicians ranging from integrated programs to deployable ground school capabilities and e-learning solutions. Their philosophy is to â€Å"enhance clients’ safety and efficiency and provide clients a training environment where they can continuously pursue a practical and operational learning experience through new and innovative technology. † (â€Å"Simulation Products†) There are five different simulator programs in which CAE uses to train pilots, one of which is a simple piece of CD-Rom software which can used at any computer. The other four programs involves the u se of a large piece of machinery which utilize programs and are operated by controls that are similar if not identical to what pilots would typically be exposed to when operating an aircraft. The great thing about this new wave of training is that it is extremely hands on and interactive, and it caters to individual learning and progress. Whether the pilot in training is at home or at the training facility using the flight simulators, they can progress at their own pace, which ultimately maximizes learning. Each program is divided into a number of sections or chapters which contains an exam at the end to make sure that the information has been retained. Another great feature about CAE’s flight simulators is they even use satellite technology to display current weather conditions across the world, so that the pilot will be prepared to fly in any type of climate. In addition to using actual weather conditions, there are 3D synthetic environments used in every visual system. CAE has been able to make quite the name for itself over the past few years, as it has become a standard training program for the military, has been adopted by a number of other airlines, and has revolutionized human resource management in the field of training and development. â€Å"Simulation Products†) Virgin Atlantic Airways has been recently been labeled as one of the most innovative airlines in the world for their plan to send a select few of their best pilots to have the opportunity to go through astronaut pilot training. In the article titled â€Å"Virgin Atlantic Pilots Are Out of This World,† it was quoted that all 700 of Virgin Atlan ic’s pilots are welcomed to apply and those who are chosen â€Å"will receive nine months of aerobatic, fast jet and executive aircraft for zero gravity flights training. They will then spend the next nine months flying the mothership and participating in Mission Control work – the last nine months will be spent flying Virgin Galactic Spaceships into space. Once they have completed their 27 month secondment they will return to Virgin Atlantic as qualified pilot astronauts. â€Å" (Virgin Pilots Are Out of This World With Virgin Galactic) Emphasis on Training in Customer Service as a Means to Being a Best Practice Company Perhaps one of the most significant contributing factors of these companies success is their emphasis on customer service. All of these airlines recognize the importance in training their employees in providing excellent customer service in order to achieve customer satisfaction and retention. Although spending excess time training in this field is expensive, the long term benefits are substantial as they build a clientel more willing to invest their time and money with the airline which pleases them the most. Emphasis on Training in Customer Service: Southwest Airlines â€Å"The mission of Southwest Airlines is dedication to the highest quality of Customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company Spirit† (southwest. om). By following their mission created by founder and former CEO Herb Kelleher, Southwest literally has taken off and become a model for a best practices industry. This dedication has led Southwest to develop 10 organizational practices that facilitate the coordination among 12 distinct functions: pilots, flights attendants, gate agents, ticketing agents, operations agents, ramp agents, baggage transfer agents, cargo agents, mechanics, uelers, aircraft cleaners, and caters by building relationships of shared goals, shared knowledge, and mutual respect (coachingandmentoring. com). Emphasis on Training in Customer Service: British Airways British Airways serves as an example for other companies because they have a good grasp on what to do to make their customers and employees happy. According to EMCOR, British Airways focuses on, â€Å"serving its customers by getting people where they need to go. † If every airline took pride in their customers like British Airways, the airline industry would run smoother. British Airways customer relations department talked about how they take pride in their customer service, â€Å"we try to ensure you have a good experience when you travel with British Airways†¦ we do our best to respond to you quickly and appropriately. † Emphasis on Training in Customer Service: Singapore Airlines Singapore Airlines also places a strong emphasis on customer service training, especially for the stewards and stewardess’s, then they must go through two interviews and a written test to even get an offer. After the offer each person must go through four months of training to be prepared to handle the toughest of situations. Some sections of this training includes Food and beverage knowledge, passenger handling, language and communication skills, and safety equipment procedures. Knowing the food and beverage is important because it is important to be able to tell each customer what they are eating on the flight. Passenger handling deals with how to respond to different customers. This includes making sure that each customer is happy and knowing how to satisfy them if they look upset. This also has to do with communication skills. The easiest way to find out how a passenger’s flight is going is to ask them. Since there are many passengers this must be done in a timely and orderly fashion. (www. worksingapore. com) Emphasis on Training in Customer Service: Virgin Atlantic Airways Virgin Airways uses a great deal of scenario building to help their employee’s achieve the highest customer satisfaction. When in training, they will divide the room into groups, each of which includes a current employee who has experienced a situation where a customer was upset with them. The current employee acts as the enraged or frustrated customer, and the other trainees are evaluated based on the way they handle the distressful situation. Afterwards they are given constructive criticism on how they can improve. (Jackson 220). Virgin Airways pays a lot of attention to their customers and emphasizes on providing an excellent customer experience. â€Å"Superior customer service and stress-free travel are two things that our travelers have come to expect from Virgin Atlantic,† said Chris Rossi, Vice President Sales and Marketing, North America. (Branson 78) Interview with Mark Swigonski: After bringing all of our research together, we decided that Southwest would be the best airline to conduct an interview with, since they seem to have the strongest emphasis on both employee and customer satisfaction. We managed to find a Southwest pilot by the name of Mark Swigonski who has been an active pilot for well over ten years now. We asked Mark via email â€Å"What do you think about airlines trying to model Southwest and their best practices within the same industry or different industries? † He replied †The economic plan is a model for any industry. Stimulate sales by making your product more affordable for more people. Instead of making a large profit on a few sales, make a small profit on lots of sales, thereby stimulating the business. Southwest airlines has made air travel affordable for the average American. People who would never dream of flying before can now afford to. Herb says we do not compete with other airlines, we compete with the automobile. One more story. When Southwest first started, the price of a ticket on Continental from Dallas Love to Houston Hobby was $220. Southwest charged $19. People came to Herb and said why don’t you just charge $50, you’re still a quarter of the price. Herb answered, we will never do that. We will charge what we need to, to make a profit and never a cent more. We are going to stimulate traffic. Southwest still works that way. We also asked â€Å"What would be an anticipated obstacle if companies model this, and are there any financial costs and/or benefits? † He replied, â€Å"It’s embarrassing. When you start up an airline and have no first class, no assigned seating, and say you can’t afford to buy something, it is embarrassing. If you can’t afford it, you can’t buy it. You just have to have the self discipline to abide by that rule. You also need patience to wait for the correct market opportunities. Southwest currently has a couple of billion in the bank, waiting for an opportunity. They are in no hurry and will buy airplanes when the price is right, but not before. Three airlines have gone out of business in the last week. The opportunity will be there soon and Southwest will capitalize when the time is right. That takes a great deal of fiscal discipline. Conclusion: Implications and How Other Companies Can Benefit From These Training Tactics Based on the evaluation of our five airline companies, we analyzed how other companies both within and outside of the industries could provide a benefit, and what costs may be associated. We realized that some of the short term implications are the high costs associated with providing such a dedicated training program. These extra costs include what is necessary to run the outside training universities as seen with Southwest, JetBlue, and British Airways. Within the training universities are all of the expenses necessary to use all of the innovative techniques such as the expensive simulative training and all of the software needed for that, as well as the online training programs used both inside and outside of the classroom. These airlines are also responsible for paying all of the highly qualified people who instruct these training courses. The extra time spent in training is also very costly, especially since many of these airlines make some of the training practicum standard for everyone, regardless of their future occupation with the company. Clearly, there are a great deal of costs incurred when running such an extensive training program that is so heavily focused on the employees. However, we concluded that the long term benefits actually outweigh any of these initial costs, because not only will the turn over rate decrease, but business will grow as there will be a more dedicated workforce. More training will prepare all employees for different situations and make them more competent workers. It will also weed out people who do not want to dedicate themselves to the job, making it easier to identify people that actually want to be there. With better workers the company should notice a more efficient use of its resources and it will eventually make up what it lost on the cost of training through more profit in the long run. Maybe a person will be able to help four more customers a day after being trained longer. Four more customers a day adds up over the years to unbelievable amounts of profit. Or perhaps a person gains a better understanding of how to make a machine work more efficiently and can make more products quicker than before. A dedication to training goes hand in hand with a company that succeeds over its competitors. If other companies wish to adopt a training model as extensive as these five airlines, then they must be prepared to take the risk in engulfing an extensive amount of costs, but be aware of all the positive outcomes and benefits which will result. After analyzing the qualities that make these five airlines best practice companies we determined that there are several similarities, however, each airline had a distinguishing trait that gave their company an identity. Southwest is most distinguished for its belief in the idea that if employees are happy, then customers are happy. They focus nearly all of their time and energy in creating a motivational environment to encourage employee satisfaction which eventually transcends to customer satisfaction. British Airways is most notable for their incredibly high standards in training practicum. They call for a rigorous training program so as to achieve only the most qualified employee’s. Singapore Airlines strives to be the best in every aspect, whether it be in providing the best customer service, best food, most comfortable seating, or best employee motivation tactics. Singapore believes strongly in the idea that there is always room for improvement. JetBlue is successful in their attempts to standardize education and encourage a solid learning environment in their training practices. They incorporate five core values—safety, caring, integrity, fun and passion—into every aspect of education. They also provide centralized crew-member education in common topics with common courses, creating a strong team orientation and commitment to a greater corporate good. (Sosbe). Virgin Atlantic Airways is most well known constant strive to be innovative in all aspects of the company, whether it be using the most technologically advanced tools for training, or being the first airline to train pilots for space travel. From these five remarkable characteristics, we formulated three main points which were used throughout the paper to draw in the primary defining similarities of these best practice companies. These main points included a dedication in providing high quality training, innovative training tactics, and an emphasis on training in customer service. How to cite Best Practice Companies: Training in the Airline Industry, Papers